Der Plan war die ureigenste Idee des „Führers“. The phrase "Battle of the Bulge" was coined by contemporary press to describe the bulge in German front lines on wartime news maps, [38] [o] [39] and it became the most widely used name for the battle. One officer, Lt. Col. Harry Kinnard, noted that McAuliffe's initial reply would be "tough to beat." The rapid advance by the German forces who surrounded the town, the spectacular resupply operations via parachute and glider, along with the fast action of General Patton's Third U.S. Army, all were featured in newspaper articles and on radio and captured the public's imagination; there were no correspondents in the area of Saint-Vith, Elsenborn, or Monschau-Höfen. Not a simple game to learn, but once mastered a very enjoyable game. Peiper learned that his reinforcements had been directed to gather in La Gleize to his east, and he withdrew, leaving wounded Americans and Germans in the Froidcourt Castle [fr]. Schlagzeilen, Meldungen und alles Wichtige. [24] With the Allies stalled, German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) Gerd von Rundstedt was able to reorganize the disrupted German armies into a coherent defensive force. On the evening of 24 December, General Hasso von Manteuffel recommended to Hitler's Military Adjutant a halt to all offensive operations and a withdrawal back to the Westwall (literally Western Rampart). (G40) Allemagne | eBay [45] The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest battle for U.S. forces in World War II. Tatsächlich wäre ein Großteil der kanadischen 1. und der britischen 2. Slowly but surely the situation was held, and then finally restored. [58][59] After a brief battle the lightly armed Americans surrendered. As the Ardennes crisis developed, the U.S. First Army (Hodges) and U.S. Ninth Army (Simpson) on the northern shoulder of the German penetration lost communications with adjacent armies, as well as with Bradley's headquarters in Luxembourg City to the south of the "bulge". This Army was made up of only four infantry divisions, with no large-scale armored formations to use as a spearhead unit. Their front lines in the west had been considerably shortened by the Allied offensive and were much closer to the German heartland. Fierce resistance on the northern shoulder of the offensive, around Elsenborn Ridge, and in the south, around Bastogne, blocked German access to key roads to the northwest and west that they counted on for success. He gave some priority to Montgomery's northern forces. Am 10. To the disbelief of the other generals present, Patton replied that he could attack with two divisions within 48 hours. Meanwhile, the Allied air offensive of early 1944 had effectively grounded the Luftwaffe, leaving the German Army with little battlefield intelligence and no way to interdict Allied supplies. PANZERDIVISION the early years 2. Die selbst ernannte Bürgerwehr "Wacht am Rhein" patrouilliert, um die Straßen sicherer zu machen. The battle has also featured on television; it was the subject of the, The battle has also been featured in music, most notably "Screaming Eagles" by, This page was last edited on 27 March 2021, at 10:46. Some of the injuries sustained before death included bayonet wounds to the head, broken legs, and their fingers cut off. Chester Wilmot[126] explained that his dispatch to the BBC about it was intercepted by the German wireless, re-written to give it an anti-American bias, and then broadcast by Arnhem Radio, which was then in Goebbels' hands. [27]:407, To protect the river crossings on the Meuse at Givet, Dinant and Namur, Montgomery ordered those few units available to hold the bridges on 19 December. [119]:198 The announcement resulted in headlines in British newspapers and Stars and Stripes, which for the first time mentioned British contributions to the fighting. [85] The official U.S. Army history states: "At least seven thousand [men] were lost here and the figure probably is closer to eight or nine thousand. Since the German plan called for the capture of St. Vith by 18:00 on 17 December, the prolonged action in and around it dealt a major setback to their timetable. Damit wollte er nicht nur den leistungsfähigsten Hafen, über den die Alliierten auf dem Kontinent verfügten, ausschalten, sondern ihnen auch ein „zweites Dünkirchen“ zufügen, die also zur Flucht über das Meer zwingen. After a brief visit to Berlin, Hitler traveled on his Führersonderzug ("Special Train of the Führer" (Leader)) to Giessen on 11 December, taking up residence in the Adlerhorst (eyrie) command complex, co-located with OB West's base at Kransberg Castle. Doch weil der Vormarsch der US-Truppen nicht wie vorgesehen in diesen Spätherbstwochen endete, musste der Termin verschoben werden. ... Literatur über den 1. bzw. In Bastogne the defenders were badly in need of relief, they were attacked nightly by German aircraft, supplies were critically low in spite of the airdrops, and the wounded could not be given proper attention because of the shortage of medical supplies. In the center, on Christmas Eve, the 2nd Armored Division attempted to attack and cut off the spearheads of the 2nd Panzer Division at the Meuse, while the units from the 4th Cavalry Group kept the 9th Panzer Division at Marche busy. Dezember 1944 festgesetzt. The perpetrators were never punished for this crime. At the same time, they felt that maintaining a purely defensive posture (as had been the case since Normandy) would only delay defeat, not avert it. [53][54], The attack on Monschau, Höfen, Krinkelt-Rocherath, and then Elsenborn Ridge was led by the units personally selected by Adolf Hitler. [87], For Operation Greif ("Griffin"), Otto Skorzeny successfully infiltrated a small part of his battalion of English-speaking Germans disguised in American uniforms behind the Allied lines. The offensive was planned by the German forces with utmost secrecy, with minimal radio traffic and movements of troops and equipment under cover of darkness. Believing in omens and the successes of his early war campaigns that had been planned at Kransberg, Hitler had chosen the site from which he had overseen the successful 1940 campaign against France and the Low Countries. [113]:113 Other than making futile objections to Hitler in private, Dietrich generally stayed out of planning the offensive. [28]:1–64[29], Hitler initially promised his generals a total of 18 infantry and 12 armored or mechanized divisions "for planning purposes." Because Skorzeny's men were captured in American uniforms, they were executed as spies. On 24 December, German forces made their furthest penetration west. The positions of the Allied armies stretched from southern France all the way north to the Netherlands. [34], Hitler's plan called for a Blitzkrieg attack through the weakly defended Ardennes, mirroring the successful German offensive there during the Battle of France in 1940—aimed at splitting the armies along the U.S.—British lines and capturing Antwerp. By 15 January Seventh Army's VI Corps was fighting on three sides in Alsace. 9 Antworten ... und Nagasaki, Operation Overlord,(Unternehmen Uranus) (Unternehmen Zitadelle), Stalingrad, Ardennenoffensive( Operation Wacht am Rhein), Schlacht um Berlin(Verlauf) ... Das war am 12.April. A few survived, and news of the killings of prisoners of war spread through Allied lines. [91] Skorzeny said that he was told by German legal experts that as long he did not order his men to fight in combat while wearing American uniforms, such a tactic was a legitimate ruse of war. [27]:page needed. The SS troopers suddenly opened fire on the prisoners. The Fifth Panzer Army under General Hasso von Manteuffel was assigned to the middle sector with the objective of capturing Brussels. By late November another ambitious special operation was added: Col. Friedrich August von der Heydte was to lead a Fallschirmjäger-Kampfgruppe (paratrooper combat group) in Operation Stösser, a night-time paratroop drop behind the Allied lines aimed at capturing a vital road junction near Malmedy.[47][48]. More than 2,000 black soldiers had volunteered to go to the front. Eisenhower, after saying he was not that optimistic, asked Patton how long it would take to turn his Third Army, located in northeastern France, north to counterattack. Weitere Informationen: http://epaper.welt.de, Der Kurz-Link dieses Artikels lautet: https://www.welt.de/135307460. [105] Considerable fighting went on for another 3 weeks; St. Vith was recaptured by the Americans on 23 January, and the last German units participating in the offensive did not return to their start line until 25 January. In the south, Brandenberger's Seventh Army pushed towards Luxembourg in its efforts to secure the flank from Allied attacks. Accounts of the killing vary, but at least 84 of the POWs were murdered. Deutsche Infanteriewaffen im 2.Weltkrieg . The defenders, led by the 7th Armored Division, included the remaining regiment of the 106th U.S. Infantry Division, with elements of the 9th Armored Division and 28th U.S. Infantry Division. Stalingrad 1942 . Neither Army Commander had seen Bradley or any senior member of his staff since the battle began, and they had no directive on which to work. Aber dieser Verband hatte zwei Drittel seiner Fahrzeuge und Mannschaften eingebüßt. After the war ended, this assessment was generally viewed as unrealistic, given Allied air superiority throughout Europe and their ability to continually disrupt German offensive operations. Die Ardennenoffensive ware eine ab dem 16.12.1944 nach dem Plan Wacht am Rhein durchgeführte Angriffsoperation der Wehrmacht zur Wiedergewinnung der Initiative im Westen. German offensive exhausts their resources on the, troops were fatigued by weeks of continuous combat, supply lines were stretched extremely thin. Als die Offiziere daraufhin die Marseillaise anstimmten, „brauste wie Donnerhall“ Die Wacht am Rhein durch die Bahnhofshalle. WACHT am Rhein, the Battle of the Bulge, is a grand-tactical simulation of that enormous battle. Dann setzte sich die erste Welle in Bewegung, etwa 200.000 Mann. Even during interrogation, they continued their goal of spreading disinformation; when asked about their mission, some of them claimed they had been told to go to Paris to either kill or capture General Dwight Eisenhower. Der Führer hat uns an besonders wichtiger Stelle eingesetzt. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region in Belgium and Luxembourg towards the end of the war in Europe. Hitler had even written on the plan in his own handwriting 'not to be altered'". [e][f] When they offered their alternative plans, Hitler would not listen. On 26 and 27 December the trapped units of 2nd Panzer Division made two break-out attempts, again only with partial success, as major quantities of equipment fell into Allied hands. A Luftwaffe resupply mission went badly when SS-Brigadeführer Wilhelm Mohnke insisted the grid coordinates supplied by Peiper were wrong, parachuting supplies into American hands in Stoumont. A trucking system nicknamed the Red Ball Express brought supplies to front-line troops, but used up five times as much fuel to reach the front line near the Belgian border. [54] The 6th Panzer Army included the elite of the Waffen-SS, including four Panzer divisions and five infantry divisions in three corps. A hastily assembled British blocking force on the east side of the river prevented the German Battlegroup Böhm from approaching the Dinant bridge. [76] Historian John S. D. Eisenhower wrote, "... the action of the 2nd and 99th Divisions on the northern shoulder could be considered the most decisive of the Ardennes campaign."[77][78]. [145]:127 This was an important step toward a desegregated United States military. After the breakout from Normandy at the end of July 1944 and the Allied landings in southern France on 15 August 1944, the Allies advanced towards Germany more quickly than anticipated. During the liberation of France, the extensive network of the French Resistance had provided valuable intelligence about German dispositions. Armies were separated by about 40 km (25 mi). The 29th Armoured Brigade ambushed the Germans knocking out three Panthers and a number of vehicles in and around Foy Notre Dame. As a result, parts of the 2nd Panzer Division were cut off. [160] It sets out the various indications of an impending offensive that were received, then offers conclusions about the wisdom conferred by hindsight; the dangers of becoming wedded to a fixed view of the enemy's likely intentions; over-reliance on "Source" (i.e. Description. As he withdrew from Cheneux, American paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division engaged the Germans in fierce house-to-house fighting. Kostenlose Lieferung für viele Artikel! Speaking subsequently to a British writer while himself a prisoner in Britain, the former German commander of the 5th Panzer Army, Hasso von Manteuffel said of Montgomery's leadership: The operations of the American 1st Army had developed into a series of individual holding actions. Stattdessen sprach er Ende September nur vage davon, Antwerpen zurückzuerobern. Um die Offensive selbst zu leiten, begab sich Hitler in das eilig ausgebaute Führerhauptquartier Adlerhorst bei Bad Nauheim. If the attack were to succeed in capturing Antwerp, four complete armies would be trapped without supplies behind German lines. Intercepted German communications indicating a substantial German offensive preparation were not acted upon by the Allies. Dezember 1944, einem Sonnabend, zwei Stunden vor der Dämmerung schweres Vorbereitungsfeuer einsetzte, waren die US-Truppen völlig überrascht. In foreground a platoon leader indicates the target to a rifleman by actually firing on the target. The Schnee Eifel battle, therefore, represents the most serious reverse suffered by American arms during the operations of 1944–45 in the European theater. Bedell Smith sent Strong to warn Lieutenant General Omar Bradley, the commander of the 12th Army Group, of the danger. [65][66]In 2001, a group of people began working on a tribute to the eleven black American soldiers to remember their sacrifices. It was his refusal to engage in premature and piecemeal counter-attacks which enabled the Americans to gather their reserves and frustrate the German attempts to extend their breakthrough. What little intelligence they had led the Allies to believe precisely what the Germans wanted them to believe-–that preparations were being carried out only for defensive, not offensive, operations. Monitored at Bradley's HQ, this broadcast was mistaken for a BBC transmission and it was this twisted text that started the uproar. Winston Churchill [64] Instead, intent on driving west, Peiper turned south to detour around Hünningen, choosing a route designated Rollbahn D as he had been given latitude to choose the best route west.[50]. On our team, the captain is General Ike. [24], Field Marshal Montgomery's Operation Market Garden achieved only some of its objectives, while its territorial gains left the Allied supply situation stretched further than before. [60], Driving to the south-east of Elsenborn, Kampfgruppe Peiper entered Honsfeld, where they encountered one of the 99th Division's rest centers, clogged with confused American troops. Normandie 1944 D-Day . Between 63,222 and 98,000 of these men were killed, missing, wounded in action, or captured. [82], Following the Malmedy massacre, on New Year's Day 1945, after having previously received orders to take no prisoners,[83] American soldiers murdered approximately sixty German prisoners of war near the Belgian village of Chenogne (8 km from Bastogne). Die Wehrmacht zog sich im Westen nach der alliierten Operation Overlord nach schweren Niederlagen von der Atlantikküste bis auf die früheren Reichsgrenzen zurück. Zu den wenigen Ausnahmen zählte Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model. The British 29th Armoured Brigade of British 11th Armoured Division, which had turned in its tanks for re-equipping, was told to take back their tanks and head to the area. Peiper's forces were already behind his timetable because of the stiff American resistance and because when the Americans fell back, their engineers blew up bridges and emptied fuel dumps. He maintained his lines west of Stoumont for a while, until the evening of 19 December when he withdrew them to the village edge. On the same day as Hitler's withdrawal order of 7 January, Montgomery held his press conference at Zonhoven. The Germans called the operation WACHT AM RHEIN but it is commonly referred to as the Battle of the Bulge. [d] The Allies faced several military logistics issues: General Dwight D. Eisenhower (the Supreme Allied Commander on the Western Front) and his staff chose to hold the Ardennes region which was occupied by the U.S. First Army. But the VI Corps AAR for January 1945 puts its total losses at 14,716 (773 killed, 4,838 wounded, 3,657 missing, and 5,448 nonbattle casualties); and Albert E. Cowdrey and Graham A. Cosmas, "U.S. infantrymen fire at German troops in the advance to relieve the surrounded paratroopers in Bastogne. [156], For its part, Hut 3 had grown "shy of going beyond its job of amending and explaining German messages. This was done by increasing the number of flak (Flugabwehrkanonen, i.e., anti-aircraft cannons) in the area and the artificial multiplication of radio transmissions in the area. Boot up and enjoy. In the center, von Manteuffel's Fifth Panzer Army attacked towards Bastogne and St. Vith, both road junctions of great strategic importance. Die Wacht am Rhein ist ein politisches Lied, welches im Deutschen Kaiserreich ab 1871 neben Heil dir im Siegerkranz die Funktion einer inoffiziellen Nationalhymne hatte. Also participating in a secondary role was the Fifteenth Army, under General Gustav-Adolf von Zangen. [citation needed], Before the offensive the Allies were virtually blind to German troop movement. [33] Success in the west would give the Germans time to design and produce more advanced weapons (such as jet aircraft, new U-boat designs and super-heavy tanks) and permit the concentration of forces in the east. These agents were tasked with using an existing Nazi intelligence network to bribe rail and port workers to disrupt Allied supply operations. With the castle acting as overflow accommodation, the main party was settled into the Adlerhorst's Haus 2 command bunker, including Gen. Alfred Jodl, Gen. Wilhelm Keitel, Gen. Blumentritt, von Manteuffel and Dietrich. Newsticker, Schlagzeilen und alles, was heute wichtig ist, im Überblick. He later attributed this to needing more time for preparation on the northern front. Nach der Niederlage bei Auste… They were for the most part well organized and supplied for the attack, although they were counting on capturing American gasoline dumps to fuel their vehicles. The German offensive drew to a close on 25 January. The Allies at this point thought the information was of no importance. They also had intelligence that the Wehrmacht was using the area across the German border as a rest-and-refit area for its troops. Zwischen Wahlerscheid und Echternach ließ Adolf Hitler im November/Dezember 1944 unter strikter Geheimhaltung drei Armeen mit 20 Divisionen aufmarschieren. The temperature during that January was extremely low, which required weapons to be maintained and truck engines run every half-hour to prevent their oil from congealing. The High Command of the Allied forces had planned to resume the offensive by early January 1945, after the wet season rains and severe frosts, but those plans had to be postponed until 29 January 1945 in connection with the unexpected changes in the front. Hinter dem Plan steckte eine Vorstellung, die für Hitler seit der Kriegswende von Stalingrad 1942/43 typisch geworden war: Abwechselnd redete er sich ein, mit einem massiven Sieg entweder gegen die Rote Armee oder gegen den Westen die Koalition seiner Gegner spalten zu können und so den nicht zu gewinnenden Zweifrontenkrieg zu beenden. The U.S. units deployed in the Ardennes thus were a mixture of inexperienced troops (such as the raw U.S. 99th and 106th "Golden Lions" Divisions), and battle-hardened troops sent to that sector to recuperate (the 28th Infantry Division). Von der Heydte was given only eight days to prepare prior to the assault. At 16:50 on 26 December, the lead element, Company D, 37th Tank Battalion of the 4th Armored Division, reached Bastogne, ending the siege. As a result, they made little progress throughout the battle. An American tank battalion arrived but, after a two-hour tank battle, Peiper finally captured Stoumont at 10:30. British XXX Corps was significantly reinforced for this effort. In the context of Patton's and Montgomery's well-known antipathy, Montgomery's failure to mention the contribution of any American general besides Eisenhower was seen as insulting. [35]:19, Several senior German military officers, including Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model and Gerd von Rundstedt, expressed concern as to whether the goals of the offensive could be realized. These units, which operated under the command of Generals Robert W. Hasbrouck (7th Armored) and Alan W. Jones (106th Infantry), successfully resisted the German attacks, significantly slowing the German advance. Moreover, the sole corridor that was open (to the southeast) was threatened and it had been sporadically closed as the front shifted, and there was expectation that it would be completely closed sooner than later, given the strong likelihood that the town would soon be surrounded. Montgomery subsequently recognized his error and later wrote: "Not only was it probably a mistake to have held this conference at all in the sensitive state of feeling at the time, but what I said was skilfully distorted by the enemy. I found the northern flank of the bulge was very disorganized. The assault, despite initial success by its tanks in penetrating the American line, was defeated and all the tanks destroyed. [128], However, Ambrose, writing in 1997, maintained that "Putting Monty in command of the northern flank had no effect on the battle". Kampfgruppe Sandig, which had been ordered to take Stavelot, launched another attack without success. Poor traffic control led to massive traffic jams and fuel shortages in forward units. of the First Army, where I had instructed Simpson to meet me. Unknown to the other officers present, before he left Patton had ordered his staff to prepare three contingency plans for a northward turn in at least corps strength. Was waren eurer Meinung nach die wichtigsten Ereignisse vom 2. Operation Stösser was a paratroop drop into the American rear in the High Fens (French: Hautes Fagnes; German: Hohes Venn; Dutch: Hoge Venen) area. [125] Focusing exclusively on his own generalship, Montgomery continued to say he thought the counteroffensive had gone very well but did not explain the reason for his delayed attack on 3 January.
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