A review of exploratory studies in PPD have observed that women with PPD, have more dramatic changes in HPA axis activity, however directionality of specific hormone increases or decreases remain mixed. Aside from the emotional problems caused by depression, individuals can also present with a physical symptom such as chronic pain or digestive issues. [95], Caution should be exercised when administering antidepressant medications during breastfeeding. Perinatale Depression, Angststörung unterscheiden sich von anderen Stimmungsstörungen laut Gehirnstudie. Sie wird "Baby Blues" genannt und hat keinen Krankheitswert. Women with fewer resources indicate a higher level of postpartum depression and stress than those women with more resources, such as financial. 2.3 Definition Depression. While US prevalence decreased from 2004 to 2012, it did not decrease among American Indian/Alaska Native women or those with full term, low-birthweight infants. [65], Within the United States, the prevalence of postpartum depression was lower than the global approximation at 11.5% but varied between states from as low as 8% to as high as 20.1%. Brain activation differences between depressed and nondepressed mothers is even more pronounced when stimulated by infant and non-infant emotional cues. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale", "Postpartum Depression Screening: MedlinePlus Lab Test Information", "Psychosocial and psychological interventions for preventing postpartum depression", "Effect of peer support on prevention of postnatal depression among high risk women: multisite randomised controlled trial", "Traditional postpartum practices and rituals: clinical implications", "Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement", "Most of UK doesn't provide vital perinatal mental healthcare", "Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression", "Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression", "Does aerobic exercise reduce postpartum depressive symptoms? [88] Some evidence suggests that mothers with PPD will respond similarly to people with major depressive disorder. When at rest, that is not cued by anything in the environment, mothers with PPD have less activity in the left frontal lobe and increased activity in the right frontal lobe when compared with healthy controls. Rather, they might both be caused by some third factor. [100] Across various nations, the prevalence of PPD varied even within nations with similar wealth status. [63] Symptoms typically resolve within two weeks. If a mother experiences postpartum depression that goes untreated, it can have adverse effects on her children. Postpartum depression (PPD) af-fects 10-15% of all new mothers, but may be as high as 35% in certain demographic groups.1 One study found that 19.2% of new mothers were diagnosed with major or minor depres- It also started a dialogue on women going against “maternal instinct” after childbirth and what maternal instinct was truly defined by.[123]. Yates' case brought wide media attention to the problem of filicide,[124] or the murder of children by their parents. Postpartum psychosis: Madness, mania, and melancholia in motherhood. Im anschliessenden Kapitel 3 wird zusammengefasst, welche Auswirkungen die nachgeburtliche Depression auf die kindliche Entwicklung, auf die In: Guidelines for Perinatal Care. Postpartum depression. a systematic review and meta-analysis", "Treatment of postpartum depression: clinical, psychological and pharmacological options", "Therapist-Supported Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Stress, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Among Postpartum Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis", "Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression", "Postpartum VTE Risk Highest Soon After Birth", "Bench-to-bedside: NIMH research leads to brexanolone, first-ever drug specifically for postpartum depression", "Press Announcements - FDA approves first treatment for post-partum depression", "FDA approves first treatment for post-partum depression", "FDA Antidepressant Drug Labels for Pregnant and Postpartum Women", "FDA Prescribing Information for Brexanolone", "Economic and Health Predictors of National Postpartum Depression Prevalence: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-Regression of 291 Studies from 56 Countries", "Trends in Postpartum Depressive Symptoms - 27 States, 2004, 2008, and 2012", "Women and hysteria in the history of mental health", "Shedding More Light on Postpartum Depression – PR News", 10.1002/1520-6696(196701)3:1<99::AID-JHBS2300030129>3.0.CO;2-2, "The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman", "Perinatal depression: a review of US legislation and law", "Continuing education module: postpartum maternal health care in the United States: a critical review", "Depression during and after pregnancy fact sheet", Other specified feeding or eating disorder, Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), Childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Postpartum_depression&oldid=1014634514, Pathology of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Persistent sadness, anxiousness or "empty" mood, Frustration, irritability, restlessness, anger, Feeling inadequate in taking care of the baby, Lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities, Diminished ability to make decisions and think clearly, Fear that you can not care for the baby or fear of the baby, Worry about harming self, baby, or partner, A personal or family history of depression, Stressful life events experienced during pregnancy, Poor marital relationship or single marital status, A lack of strong emotional support from spouse, partner, family, or friends, Administration of labor-inducing medication synthetic, Feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness, nearly every day, for most of the day or the observation of a depressed mood made by others, Loss of interest or pleasure in activities, Loss of concentration or increased indecisiveness, Recurrent thoughts of death, with or without plans of suicide, This page was last edited on 28 March 2021, at 07:03. Learn to identify it and what to do next. https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression. Fathers who are young, have a history of depression, experience relationship problems or are struggling financially are most at risk of postpartum depression. Postpartum care of the mother. Rates of PPD have been shown to decrease as income increases. Als Baby Blues (Postpartum Blues) bezeichnet man die psychische Empfindlichkeit, die sich bei vielen Frauen wenige Tage nach der Geburt einstellt. Allopregnanolone levels drop after giving birth, which may lead to women becoming depressed and anxious. Postpartale Depressionen (PPD) treffen Mütter im 1. Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep (insomnia) or sleeping too much, Reduced interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Diminished ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Make it hard for you to care for your baby, Include thoughts of harming yourself or your baby. Jahr nach der Geburt. innere und äußere Faktoren gibt. She drowned her children one by one over the course of an hour, by holding their heads under water in their family bathtub. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Throughout history, both men and women have perpetrated this act, but study of maternal filicide is more extensive. Profound lifestyle changes that are brought about by caring for the infant are also frequently hypothesized to cause PPD. Contrastingly, some factors almost certainly attribute to the cause of postpartum depression, such as lack of social support. The DSM-5 outlines the following criterion to make a diagnosis of depression. Studies have also shown a correlation between a mother's race and postpartum depression. [1][3] Symptoms may include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns. [61] It is important to note that the research reviewed only looked at violence experienced by women from male perpetrators, but did not consider violence inflicted on men or women by women. As in prior editions, the definition and criteria for Major [80] In 2018, 24% of areas in the UK have no access to perinatal mental health specialist services. [50], Chronic illnesses caused by neuroendocrine irregularities including irritable bowl syndrome and fibromyalgiatypically put individuals at risk for further health complications. 2018;21:215. What does postpartum depression mean? Postpartum depression. Postpartum depression: A form of severe depression after delivery that interferes with daily functioning and requires treatment. [1][5] These may include factors such as hormonal changes and sleep deprivation. Postpartum depression isn't a character flaw or a weakness. Accessed June 7, 2018. All rights reserved. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Donna E. Stewart, MD, FRCPC E. Robertson, M.Phil, PhD Cindy-Lee Dennis, RN, PhD Sherry L. Grace, MA, PhD Tamara Wallington, MA, MD, FRCPC ©University Health Network Women’s Health Program 2003 [27], The cause of PPD is unknown. iCBT may be beneficial for mothers who have limitations in accessing in person CBT. Postpartale Depression ist eine Art von Depression, die einige Frauen kurz nach der Geburt beeinflusst. After childbirth, a dramatic drop in hormones (estrogen and progesterone) in your body may contribute to postpartum depression. Definition Für die neue Mutter kann die Geburt des Kindes eine Kaskade von intensiven und gegensätzlichen Emotionen hervorrufen, die von Aufregung und Freude bis zu Anfällen von Wut und Angst reichen, aber auch zu etwas führen können, das nicht erwartet wird, wie das postpartale Depression. Frequently asked questions. davon abzugrenzen, gebe ich einen allgemeinen Überblick der verschiedenen Depressionsformen. Treating those with postpartum depression -Patient education -Antidepressive drugs Postpartum depression may lead mothers to be inconsistent with childcare. Der Baby Blues beginnt einige Tage nach der Geburt. But if you experience any symptoms of postpartum baby blues or postpartum depression, call your doctor and schedule an appointment. [92] Additionally, none of the existing studies included women who were breastfeeding. [1][6] Risk factors include prior episodes of postpartum depression, bipolar disorder, a family history of depression, psychological stress, complications of childbirth, lack of support, or a drug use disorder. Don't wait and hope for improvement. American Journal of Psychiatry. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common problem associated after childbirth. Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that affects women soon after they give birth, and in some cases, the disorder can set in even during pregnancy. Baby blues typically begin within the first two to three days after delivery, and may last for up to two weeks. But it can also result in something you might not expect — depression. Perinatal depression can be treated. [64] Women who experience "baby blues" may have a higher risk of experiencing a more serious episode of depression later on. [75] Support is an important aspect of prevention, as depressed mothers commonly state that their feelings of depression were brought on by "lack of support" and "feeling isolated. Accessed June 7, 2018. ; Postpartum depression is medically considered a subset of peripartum depression. [101] Cesarean section rates did not affect the rates of PPD. [57] These higher rates of PPD in lesbian/bisexual mothers may reflect less social support, particularly from their families of origin and additional stress due to homophobic discrimination in society. [82][83], Treatment for mild to moderate PPD includes psychological interventions or antidepressants. Your doctor will usually talk with you about your feelings, thoughts and mental health to distinguish between a short-term case of postpartum baby blues and a more severe form of depression. Postpartum depression Postpartum depression is moderate to severe depression in a woman after she has given birth. [116] The rituals appear to be most effective when the support is welcomed by the mother. [87] Social interventions include individual counseling and peer support, while psychological interventions include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). The association of exercise during pregnancy with trimester-specific and postpartum quality of life and depressive symptoms in a cohort of healthy pregnant women. Perinatal depression is depression that occurs during or after pregnancy. Recognizing that the problem exists. But some new moms experience a more severe, long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. Concise review for physicians and other clinicians: Postpartum depression. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/postpartum-depression/what-is-postpartum-depression. Postpartale Depression kann auch in Form einer aufkommenden emotionalen Belastung in vielen der nahen Umgebung einer Frau, die ihr ausgesetzt ist, eine Reflexion finden. [18], More robust studies on neural activation regarding PPD have been conducted with rodents than humans and has allowed for greater isolation of specific brain regions, neurotransmitters, hormones, and steroids. This correlation does not mean these factors are causal. American Journal of Men's Health. Traditional cultures around the world prioritize organized support during postpartum care to ensure the mother's mental and physical health, wellbeing, and recovery. 2018;138:e20161128. [66] Women who have been hospitalized for a psychiatric condition immediately after delivery are at a much higher risk of suicide during the first year after delivery.[69]. [51], These above factors are known to correlate with PPD. Antenatal depression, also known as prenatal or perinatal depression, is a form of clinical depression that can affect a woman during pregnancy, and can be a precursor to postpartum depression if not properly treated. The risk of postpartum episodes with psychotic features is particularly increased for women with prior postpartum mood … Zusammenfassung. Fathers, who are not undergoing profound hormonal changes, can also have postpartum depression. Wikipedia beschreibt sie als „psychische Zustände oder Störungen, die in einem zeitlichen Zusammenhang mit dem Wochenbett auftreten“. traduction postpartale depression dans le dictionnaire Français - Français de Reverso, voir aussi 'postnatal',pastorale',postnatals',postpascal', conjugaison, expressions idiomatiques Information and translations of postpartum depression in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. [89], A 2010 review found few studies of medications for treating PPD noting small sample sizes and generally weak evidence. [33] The use of synthetic oxytocin, a birth-inducing drug, has been linked to increased rates of postpartum depression and anxiety.[34]. Sie treten in den ersten zwei bis drei Wochen auf und umfassen schwere, wiederkehrende Angst- und/oder Panikgefühle, meist in Zusammenhang mit dem Wohlergehen des Babys. Single mothers of low income may have more limited access to resources while transitioning into motherhood. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. [67] It may be a form of bipolar disorder. It was found that lesbian and bisexual biological mothers had significantly higher Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores than did the heterosexual women in the sample. 2014;89:835. Die Erkrankung wird auch als Postpartale oder Postnatale Depression bezeichnet. Depression DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria. Labor, delivery, and postpartum care FAQ091. noun. Nicht nur die Frauen können durch eine unbehandelte postpartale Depression Schaden nehmen, sondern auch die Kinder. 4. Depression: postpartal o.n.A. [73], Healthcare providers may take a blood sample to test if another disorder is contributing to depression during the screening. In the United States, postpartum depression is one of the leading causes of annual reported infanticide incidence rate of about 8 per 100,000 births.[2]. [5] However, a recent study has found that adding sertraline to psychotherapy does not appear to confer any additional benefit. [107][108] This distinction became important to emphasize the difference between postpartum depression and postpartum psychosis. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2017. mass noun North American. Accessed June 7, 2018. [105] Although this treatment was not described, experimental treatments began to be implemented for postpartum depression for the centuries that followed. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Aug. 17, 2018. Pediatrics. [8], One of the strongest predictors of paternal PPD is having a partner who has PPD, with fathers developing PPD 50% of the time when their female partner has PPD. Als Wochenbettdepression wird eine Sonderform der depressiven Störung bezeichnet, die bis zu 24 Monate nach der Entbindung bei der Mutter auftreten kann. Postpartum depression is treated differently, depending on the type of symptoms and how severe they are. Depression during pregnancy and postpartum. [31], In 2019, the FDA approved brexanolone, a synthetic analog of the neurosteroid allopregnanolone, for use intravenously in postpartum depression. [68] It is important not to confuse psychosis with other symptoms that may occur after delivery, such as delirium. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. [106] She was a pilgrim known as "Madwoman" after having a tough labor and delivery. Postpartum Support International www.postpartum.net June 2013 Page 4 DSM-IV Introduction of the Postpartum Onset Specifier Major Depressive Disorder with postpartum onset was not recognized in the DSM until the publication of the DSM-IV in 1994. National Institute of Mental Health. [100] If a mother has experienced postpartum episodes previously, her risk of experiencing postpartum depression with psychosis is higher than those who have had no previous episodes. Also consider these options if you're having suicidal thoughts: People with depression may not recognize or acknowledge that they're depressed. If you suspect that a friend or loved one has postpartum depression or is developing postpartum psychosis, help them seek medical attention immediately. [102], Most studies regarding PPD are done using self-report screenings which are less reliable than clinical interviews. [2] Types of counseling that have been found to be effective include interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychodynamic therapy. Endogenous depression that involves intense, sustained and sometimes disabling depression experienced by women after giving birth, The Boston Women's Health Book Collective: Our Bodies Ourselves, pages 489–491, New York: Touchstone Book, 2005, WebMD: Understanding Post Partum Depression. [103], With the 19th century came a new attitude about the relationship between female mental illness and pregnancy, childbirth, or menstruation. Definition of postpartum depression in the Definitions.net dictionary. Postpartale Depression ist eine Art von Depression, die einige Frauen kurz nach der Geburt beeinflusst. When called into trial, she felt that she had saved her children rather than harming them and that this action would contribute to defeating Satan. 10–15 %, d. h. eine von acht Frauen nach der Geburt ist betroffen. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org. Postpartum depression needs to be treated by a doctor or nurse. Rund 10-20% der Mütter, aber auch rund 4% der Väter leiden an Wochenbettdepressionen. Note: Mood episodes can have their onset either during pregnancy or postpartum. [119], The stigma of mental health - with or without support from family members and health professionals - often deters women from seeking help for their PPD. [91] Therefore, it is not completely clear which antidepressants, if any, are most effective for treatment of PPD, and for whom antidepressants would be a better option than non-pharmacotherapy. Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a type of mood disorder associated with childbirth, which can affect both sexes. 8th ed. postpartale Depression (PPD) Die Wochenbettdepression betrifft nur die erste Zeit nach der Entbindung. Postpartum depression usually begins within the first month after childbirth, but it can begin during pregnancy or for up to a year after birth. It can occur a few days, weeks, or even months after childbirth. Yogman M, et al. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. These problems can have a cyclical effect, meaning that they can further agitate the mother's postpartum depression and can even lead to the mother further developing postpartum depression. [31] Hormones which have been studied include estrogen, progesterone, thyroid hormone, testosterone, corticotropin releasing hormone, endorphins, and cortisol. [78] Globalization and migration can disconnect women from their traditional communities of maternal support, which can be positive or negative depending on the traditions and on the mother's wishes. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [39] Most antidepressants are excreted in breast milk in low quantities which can have adverse effect on babies. However, little evidence supports this hypothesis. partus Geburt, Entbindung) bzw. ICD F53.- Psychische oder Verhaltensstörungen im Wochenbett, anderenorts nicht klassifiziert Hier sind nur psychische Störungen im Zusammenhang mit dem In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5. 1. Definition einer postpartalen Depression. There may also be a link between postpartum depression and anti-thyroid antibodies. Sleep deprivation can lead to physical discomfort and exhaustion, which can contribute to the symptoms of postpartum depression.[39]. Doch unerkannte Wochenbettdepressionen bergen ein grosses Risiko einer Chronifizierung der depressiven Störung oder sind gar mit einem Suizid verbunden. They also have decreased connectivity between vital brain structures including the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. While it can … https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. [73] If the new mother scores 13 or more, she likely has PPD and further assessment should follow. Make a donation. Signs and symptoms of baby blues — which last only a few days to a week or two after your baby is born — may include: Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first — but the signs and symptoms are more intense and last longer, and may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. When a child is in infancy, these problems can include unusual amounts of crying (colic) and not having normal sleeping patterns. Postnatal depression needs to be properly diagnosed and managed by a trained healthcare professional. * Dabei werden 2-3 Abstufungen unterschieden: das Stimmungstief, auch „Baby blues“ genannt; die postpartale Depression; und teilweise auch die postpartale Psychose [65], About half of women who experience postpartum psychosis have no risk factors; but a prior history of mental illness, especially bipolar disorder, a history of prior episodes of postpartum psychosis, or a family history put some at a higher risk. Postpartum depression starts within the first year after delivery. (2005) used an expanded concept of perinatal depression (during pregnancy through one year postpartum) in their report (commissioned by the Agency for Healthcare In 460 B.C., Hippocrates wrote about puerperal fever, agitation, delirium, and mania experienced by women after child birth. [104] Hippocrates' ideas still linger in how postpartum depression is seen today. Zunächst einmal ist im Gegensatz zur Geisteskrankheit die Depression eine Gemütskrankheit und grundsätzlich vorübergehend. [54] Women with fewer resources may be more likely to have an unintended or unwanted pregnancy, increasing risk of PPD. Postpartale Depression: Stimmungstief nach der Geburt. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/postpartum-care-and-associated-disorders/postpartum-depression. Preventative screening for depression 2. [100] PPD varies in prevalence worldwide. However, the long term benefits have not been determined. [25] These childcare inconsistencies may include feeding routines, sleep routines, and health maintenance. Traurigkeit, Erschöpfung, Ängste, Appetit- und Schlafstörungen zählen zu den Symptomen, mitunter kommen auch Zwangsgedanken hinzu, wie sich selbst oder dem Kind etwas antun zu … Accessed June 7, 2018. Hebammen die Depression lange nicht wahrnehmen bzw. However, your risk increases if: Left untreated, postpartum depression can interfere with mother-child bonding and cause family problems. The causal role of lack of social support in PPD is strongly suggested by several studies, including O'Hara 1985, Field et al. Accessed June 7, 2018. [3] Postpartum psychosis, a more severe form of postpartum mood disorder, occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women following childbirth. Zwei Wochen lang litt Juliane Böhm. Accessed June 7, 2018. Accessed June 7, 2018. [74], A 2013 Cochrane review found evidence that psychosocial or psychological intervention after childbirth helped reduce the risk of postnatal depression. Postpartum depression facts. The decrease of a vital function such as respiration. Dabei wird auf die Definition, die Prävalenz sowie die Ursachen postpartaler De-pressionen eingegangen. [42], The criteria required for the diagnosis of postpartum depression are the same as those required to make a diagnosis of non-childbirth related major depression or minor depression. Depressive disorders. Perinatal depression is a real medical illness and can affect any mother—regardless of age, race, income, culture, or education. Ätiologie: Multifaktoriell, insb. Viele "unerfahrene" Mütter leiden unter einem als " Baby-Blues " bezeichneten … Postpartum depression: a disorder in search of a definition Arch Womens Ment Health. It is estimated that 7% to 20% of pregnant women are affected by this condition. It’s more common than most of us realize. Postpartum depression: a disorder in search of a definition. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. [18][19], Postpartum depression onset usually begins between two weeks to a month after delivery. [111], Also during the 19th century, gynecologists embraced the idea that female reproductive organs, and the natural processes they were involved in, were at fault for "female insanity. While the causes of PPD are not understood, a number of factors have been suggested to increase the risk: Of these risk factors a history of depression, and cigarette smoking have been shown to have additive effects. Order blood tests to determ… [88] Other forms of therapy, such as group therapy, home visits, counseling, and ensuring greater sleep for the mother may also have a benefit. [100] However, between the nations, a predictor for higher postpartum depression rates was found to be wealth disparities within the nations. [28][29], Evidence suggests that hormonal changes may play a role. Most new moms experience postpartum "baby blues" after childbirth, which commonly include mood swings, crying spells, anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Recent findings have also identified blunted activity in anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula in mothers with PPD when viewing images of their own infants. ; Peripartum depression is fatigue that a woman experiences during pregnancy or within four weeks of giving birth. [65], Postpartum psychosis is not a formal diagnosis, but is widely used to describe a psychiatric emergency that appears to occur in about 1 in a 1000 pregnancies, in which symptoms of high mood and racing thoughts (mania), depression, severe confusion, loss of inhibition, paranoia, hallucinations and delusions begin suddenly in the first two weeks after delivery; the symptoms vary and can change quickly. [22] Postpartum depression can also occur in women who have suffered a miscarriage. [13][5], Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) has shown promising results with lower negative parenting behavior scores and lower rates of anxiety, stress, and depression. The disorder is characterized by anxiety, sadness, sleep difficulties, fatigue, or other signs of a low mood. Women with moderate to severe PPD would likely experience a greater benefit with a combination of psychological and medical interventions. Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that begins after childbirthand usually lasts beyond six weeks. postpartale affektive Störungen sind psychische Zustände oder Störungen, die nach der Geburt auftreten. [84] Light aerobic exercise has been found to be useful for mild and moderate cases. There's no single cause of postpartum depression, but physical and emotional issues may play a role. Accessed June 7, 2018. The definition of postpartum depression (PPD)varies among medical organizations: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) notes that perinatal depression, also known as PPD, includes major and minor depressive episodes that occur … [100] However, research has found that globally postpartum depression is found to be approximately 17.7% prevalence when analyzing data from low- to high-income countries. [32] Aberrant steroid hormone–dependent regulation of neuronal calcium influx via extracellular matrix proteins and membrane receptors involved in responding to the cell’s microenvironment might be important in conferring biological risk. Die Symptome können z.B. Postpartum Psychosis Postpartum psychosis is an extremely rare but serious condition it occurs in only one or two out of every 1,000 deliveries.
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